Floral Friday

Spring has finally rolled around and to celebrate I am introducing a new weekly post Floral Friday. This weeks arrangement from my own garden features the fragrant banksia rose, cream and gold jonquil, clustered bells of Pieris, baby pink and yellow columbines, foxgloves, spotted green and white hellebores and bergenia. The vase is antique and was given to me as a graduation present by Thomas' parents. It has three beautiful glass handles and a sterling silver rim.

Spring!

Spring is finally here! These wee darlings have been popping up around the place in the last month. My strawberry flowers are a reminder that their fruit isn't far off and the spring bulbs of blue hyacinths are lovely on my windowsill. My bergenia is flowering after being bloomless last year (i found that slugs had taken to them) and the Kowhai is a stunner this year in comparison to last years sparse display. Bring on the peonies, banksia rose and clematis in late October/ early November!

Wordless Wednesday

Pretty Frittys

My parents came to visit in the weekend and brought me this wee surprise (below) from a garden centre in Cromwell. I had to look it up to find out where it would be best suited in my garden. Although I have to admit I always get a little nervous about putting gifts into my garden because I am worried I will move house and won't be able to take the plant with me. So at the moment the plant is in a pot on my porch. While I was contemplating whether to make this darling a permenent feature in my garden I found a little info on Frittaliria meleagris that I have paraphrased for your enjoyment and light reading.

 "On sunless days in winter, we shall know

By whom the silver gossamer is spun,

Who paints the diapered fritillaries,

On what wide wings from shivering pine to pine the eagle flies."

Oscar Wilde refers to the little Checkered Lily (Fritillaria meleagris), as the "diapered frittalaries". Diapered is a very old traditional term for either a checkered pattern or the pattern known as "harlequin" or a checkerboard of diamonds. 

Frittilaria hang their checkerboard heads in the last week of September and early October along with the emergence of grape hyacinth spikes. They have a load of other names including  Missionbells and Snakeshead Lily (the unopened flower bud look somewhat like a snakes head) although they were formerly known as Narcissus caperonius or Caperon's Narcissus because they were first brought to England in 1572 by a druggist named Noel Caperon who found them in France. For many years thereafter they were thought originally to have been native primarily of France, but were eventually discovered to be a rare species native also to England.

As one of the longest-cultivated fritillaries, it was a regular feature in Elizabethan gardens. The checkered lily was also a native of damp meadows throughout Northwestern Europe, but is today disappearing over much of its natural range from habitat loss & humanity's population intrusions. It became endangered in England, where children picked them before they could complete their reproductive cycle and set seed. It is now protected & making a slow comeback in the south of England. And it will never be extinct for as long as people love them in gardens.

Design Sponge have created a beautiful flower arrangement of the checkered lily using a flower frog (the comb-like device you can see in the picture below). Grace Bonney explains in her post that Oasis used in most flower arrangements is "bad news. It’s made from petroleum and will never break down in a landfill" and that flower frogs are a eco friendly alternative. I will certainly be on the look out for one of these for the upcoming summer months of floral fun.

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Wildflower Seeds Necklace

I held a spring fling on the weekend of the spring equinox and spring it wasn't. I had planned the party around the blooming of my magnolia tree but that was late and the forecast for the day after was snow and it was howling a gale. So we ate inside and watched the mighty All Blacks beat the French. One of my friends brought me a wonderful gift packaged inside a packet of foxglove seeds. The handmade necklace was a tiny little bottle filled with wildflower seeds and beautiful gold tag with my name and passion - gardening printed on it with tiny metal stamps. I love to accessorise and this necklace is a definite fav capturing my personality perfectly! 

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Living Wreath

Sow yourself a tray of pansies or violas, then, once they’re big enough, plant them up into a living wreath. It’s not quite as low maintenance as a living wreath that uses succulents (you need to deadhead this one), but it makes a gorgeous display for indoors or out. Click on over to Hostess with the Mostess for step-by-step instructions. I am going to sow red pansies for a festive red and green wreath in time for xmas!

My wreath for last years xmas consisted of nearly all my red and white roses as well as some peonies all arranged around a coat hanger bent into a circular shape. It dried out, and is still hanging above my fireplace acting as a dust catcher.

Identify this!

Because I am new to this gardening stuff, I always find myself wondering what plants around my garden and others are. Most of the time I have no way of identifying the plant until it flowers. This wee beauty below sits on the boundary of my section and is a little out of control but absolutely lovely with it's pretty pink flowers. I noticed last year that it had fruit as well and was wondering if they were edible. 

I described this unknown plant to a more experienced gardener at my work and he pointed me in the direction of this marvellous book.

The first few pages have an index arranged in flower colours and low and behold in the pink flower section under bushes I found Ribes sanguineum. The flowering current is a deciduous shrub which bears a dark purple oval berry that is edible however has little flavour. So although I won't be collecting berries later in spring the birds can help themselves. 

After a good look through  this book I found that a number of the plants in my garden are considered weeds. For example Buddleja, Centranthus ruber, Foxglove, Arum lily, and Forget me not. These are all lovely plants that can just get a little out of control under the right conditions so best keep an eye on them.  

Brilliant book for gardeners who are just starting out and want to identify those plants that just pop up and whether they are hot or not.

Stop bugging me!

The Green Vegetable Bug

The younger black nymph (left) and the green nymph (right)

mature vegetable bug laying eggs (my friend found presents like this on her salad last year and we had to use an expert to identify what it was)

The vegetable bug will suck your beans, tomatoes and corn dry so you have to keep on top of them. Hallelujah there is a simple and effective way to do this, just squish them. By squishing them they release a horrid smell that acts like a warning signal for all other vege bugs which will deter them from your plot. Even better collect a few, mash them up, mix them in with water and a smidgeon of detergent then spray them back onto your plants basically labelling you vege plot with DANGER -  DO NOT ENTER TAPE.

Aphids

You could call me an expert on aphids. I spent my honours year at uni studying them, in particular their ovaries. One of the main reasons Aphids are so successful is due to their asexual mode of reproduction. An adult female aphid can produce hundreds of clones of herself and they are born as mini aphids not eggs so it is a relatively quick way to reproduce. Hence your roses, beans or peas can become covered in aphids in a few days. They tend to hang out on the new growth of plants sucking the sap out of tender stems. If there is only a few on your plants just squash them or take to them with a hose otherwise soapy water is good for getting rid of them because it blocks their trachea on their bodies which is what they use to breathe.

Cabbage Butterfly - Brassicas Beware

The cabbage butterfly loves to lay it's eggs on brocolli, cauliflower, cabbage and swedes and these wee nasties hatch into caterpillars which will devour your crop. Best way to get rid of the grubs is to keep a careful watch over your plants and pick off any caterpillars that you can see, then feed put them on your bird table to feed the birds. Best tip: don't grow brassicas through the height of summer when the white butterfly will do it's worse instead sow greens like lettuces and rocket for some yummy summer salads.

I have war wounds from this weekends gardening onslaught.

What began as a little tidying of my climbing roses turned into a 2hr pruning session that required a visit to the neighbours. The climbing roses on my west fence have been running wild for too long now. They are beautiful perfumed roses however there is no way you can ever get a whiff of them when all the flowers are up in the clouds.

I set out to prune them a little so the flowers would develop at head height but this mode of attack was thrown out the door when I realized that most of the growth was over at the next door neighbours place. In the end Biddy Belle my neighbour poked her head over the fence to see what all the commotion was about.  She invited me over so I could fix the mess of branches on her side of the fence.  It was viscous work but after borrowing Biddy Belles loppers I made a real dent in the bushes.

Last on my list was to give the roses a good spray with SuperShield to tackle rust and aphids. Rust is particularly problematic on one of my roses and if I find that after spraying it still doesn’t get rid of the problem I might just have to make a drastic decision and pull that particular rose out and start anew.

Hopefully my actions from Saturday’s battle will result in new spring growth on the lower laterals of the roses so I can finally enjoy the blooms. 

What to do on a snow day?

I have a lot of edibles in my garden, yet I don't really make the most of them. In fact last year my apples went to the tip, the red currants were left for the birds and the strawberries rotted due to neglect.

My strawberries might have gone to waste last year, but this year I am positive I will get a bumper crop. This weekend before it snowed I transplanted my strawberries into hanging baskets, gave them a sprinkling of strawberry fertilizer, mulched them with pine needles then hung them in my magnolia tree. When the fruit begins to develop I will drape over some bird netting to ensure that all those ripe strawberries are for human consumption only.

This year I aim to be a productive gardener and I am going to start by going out of my comfort zone and trying new things. Today was a perfect opportunity to put words into action, due to a antartic blast we are stuck inside at Galloway Street. I braved the cold for a minute to grab  10 artichoke buds from my globe artichoke plant so I could  try my luck at pickling. I looked up a few recipes online and chose the one that I actually had the ingredients for. Didn't end up with a full jar at the end of it all but they might do well in a salad sometime next week. 

What you need:

·      2kg of the small artichokes (the larger ones are too tough for eating)

·      Lemon juice

·      3 tbsps olive oil

·      1 tbsp salt

·      2 tbsps sugar

·      2-3 garlic cloves

·      3 tbsps table vinegar (9%)

·      Parsley

1.  Wash the artichoke and peel the tough outer layers off, then cut the top and bottom bits off so you are left with only tender artichoke.

2.  Immerse in lemon juice to stop browning

3.  Bring 1L of water to the boil then add the oil, salt, sugar and vinegar and artichoke and boil for 5 minutes

4.  While waiting for the artichokes to cook sterilise a jar with lid in boiling water

5.  Line the jar with parsley and garlic cloves then add the artichokes and liquid to the jar and seal with the lid.

August is the time of year to start planning for the spring, summer and autumn seasons in the vege garden. Throughout July I was busy weeding and turning over the soil in my patch and digging in compost and sheep pellets. Now it is finally time to begin some plantings. 

August and September are surprising months in that they can be lovely and warm and sometimes windy, frosty and wet so you have to be careful when planting out because some vulnerable seeds and seedlings might just keel over. I plan to sow pumpkin but this will have to wait until October when all risk of frost has gone. August permits planting of some of the more hardier vegetables like brocolli and cauliflower. By raising seeds first in trays under shelter and then planting out in five to six weeks they will be nice and strong for the September weather. Cauli and Brocolli grown at this time in the year are also fruiting well before the white butterfly is around so these will most likely be the plamts you get your best crops from. 

I have also purchased my early crop seed potatoes and yams which I have put in a warm spot in my laundry to sprout and I will plant these out in October. Carrots are a hardy vegetable and I plan to make succesive sowings of these each month up until April so we have carrots almost year round, I am going to take the effort to plant each seed nicely spaced this time because it is fiddly work to thin them out later. 

I am also going to try my hands at some companion planting. I have heard that by planting flowers in your vege garden it attracts good insect predators that will get rid of nasty bugs and will pollinate your vegetable flowers if you would like seed. Fennel and Marigolds in particular are said to emit a smell that deters the bugs that can make a mess of our veges. 

Because I don't have a lot of space in my vege garden I have opted for tyre planters (as a cheap option and free from your local beaurepaires, although I am a little worried about leaching chemicals) for planting my smaller crops such as lettuces, aparagus, onions, courgette and garlic. Some of the early crop peas have already been planted straight into the garden bed and will climb a trellis I purchased from Bunnings along with beans that I will sow when it gets warmer. The cauliflower I planted in autumn are ready for picking I just have to think of a nice meal to put them in. 

The Vege Plot Plan - Although I am certain it will change

Almost blank canvas.

The strawberrys will be moved to a wall basket and mulched with pine needles (last year I had a lot of trouble with unripe fruit rotting)

Asparagus crowns have been planted and should be ready to harvest in summer

My challenge this year is to grow eggplant. I love this vegetable in vegetarian lasagne and it would be awesome if I could get it to grow in Dunedin. But I have been told it doesn't fair well in our cooler climate, so Thomas might have to build me a mini greenhouse!

No matter, I nabbed these instructions below off eHow:

Eggplant can take up to 4 months to begin bearing fruit and therefore needs a long season so sow eggplant seed indoors at least 8 to 10 weeks before the last expected frost. Harden off seedlings, then transplant them to the sunniest part of your garden when all danger of frost has passed. Stake tall varieties to keep the fruits off the ground.

Pinch back new blossoms about three weeks before the first expected frost. This will channel the plants' energy into maturing existing fruits rather than producing new ones that won't survive the frost.
Start picking eggplants as soon as they're big enough to use, and keep picking them till the fruits lose their gloss. If they're brown and hard, you've waited too long.

Poly poly polyanthus!

Polyanthus bundles on the outside tables at The Good Earth (one of our local coffee shops)

Polyanthus in bloom in my garden, finally!

Polyanthus at The Good Earth

It’s hard to find something that can match the long flowering period of Polyanthus, they reward you with months of bright cheerful blooms. Ideally, polyanthus enjoy a moist, well drained garden soil that has had plenty of compost, mulch and organic material dug in. 

Polyanthus are perennials and they do respond well to being divided. If you look at a plant which you may have bought as some time ago, you may notice that there are now multiple small plants and no large one. If you lift the small plants and give them space to grow, they will reward you with renewed vigour and flowering. 

The primula family comprises a number of hardy perennials including Primula veris, the cowslip, and P. vulgaris, the primrose. The polyanthus is a hybrid of these two, with characteristic whorls of primrose flowers in a huge variety of colours, carried on strong stems above a rosette of oval leaves.

The polyanthus I planted in May have just begun to flower, which hopefully lasts until last spring.

Bumblebee Box

I think bumblebees are some of the loveliest creatures. They are so clumsy and everytime I hear one buzz by it makes me smile. So when I saw instructions in NZ Gardener Magazine on how to make my very own bumblebee house I was quick to show them to my personal builder. He created a wonderful masterpiece in my fav colour lavender and gave it to me as a birthday present. This weekend I put some pine needles inside for insulation and popped it beside the Pieris japonica (Japanese andromeda) they frequent so hopefully in September I can lure an emerging queen bumblebee to this humble abode.

Japanese Andromeda

Plant of the Week: Billy Button

Craspedia Globosa 

Known as the "Billy Button," or "Billy Ball", Craspedia is a perennial wildflower of New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania. Very long flowering period Dec to frost, the 2.5cm globes last and last and they are very easy to grow. 

Billy Buttons as seen in the commonwealth games bouquet.

Pruning at Blueskin

This weekend in Dunedin we were warned there would be snow on the hills which would be enough to keep most people in bed early in the morning, yet I fought the cold air and made my way out to Blueskin nursery to learn a thing or two about pruning.

Blueskin nursery is 20 minutes north of Dunedin and has won a number of awards as an outstanding gardening centre. It is owned by Mark and Clare Brown and has been in operation for 21 years. I arrived and it was brisk but sunny and I sat down on one of the chairs put out in front of an array of fruiting plants. The session was hosted by Mark Brown and he began by introducing the group to gooseberrys. I was very tempted into buying one of these plants as I have never eaten a gooseberry but the bank balance said "No!" so I might put it to the back of my mind just now.  He used the gooseberry to demonstrate how to create a standard. 

To create a standard you select a strong centrally upright leader and remove all other stems. This leader should be trained up a stake to a desired height while removing side shoots after each growing season, you can do this by actually digging your thumb nail into the stem and removing the whole bud. Once the leader has grown to the desired height the top bud should be removed (to promote bushy growth) and the strongest three to five side buds left to create the plant.

Standard Gooseberry

He then went on to demonstrate how to prune berry bushes. He started out with a blackberry demonstrating that the best way to prune was to cut the old wood out at the base of the plant ensuring that the middle of the plant gets lots of light and ventilation. Blackberrys fruit on the wood from the year before however in the case of red currants the fruit is found on wood from two years ago and hence is harder to keep track of. A little handy hint he gave us to help with this was to cut the wood as you collect the fruit that way you are only removing the old wood that has fruited. 

He then moved on to apples showing us how to train them into a espalier. This first requires that you create a training system up whether it be wires or a wall. The leader is trained upright to the first wire and then the top bud cut to promote two sideways growing shoots. Once these side shoots are long enough they can be trained along the wire ensuring that the tip of each shoot is the highest point of the plant otherwise growth will begin in the middle of these shoots. A shoot will also begin to form where the first cut was made and this should be trained up to the next wire and the process continued.

Espalier Apple

This was particular helpful as I have 3 apple/crabapple trees on my section that have been roughly trained into a espalier shape although have been somewhat neglected for a while now. After the session I took to them for almost an hour trying to correct their unruly shape, I even had the hacksaw out. I may regret this at the end of this season as there is not much wood left for apples to grow on yet,  I am sure this hardwork will payoff in the coming years and I will finally be able to make something of my apples which so far have gone to waste.

Last on Marks list was to tell us about grapes. He told us about the old wives tale that says to bury a sheep underneath a freshly planted vine (for all these years I had thought it was a cat, a nasty Blakie story perhaps?). He told us that grapevines put out very deep roots and hence by making a hole that could fit a sheep you were ensuring that the roots had somewhere to go. Once again the theory behind grape growing was to train the vine to a certain height and then to prune you cut to a bud on the main part of the plant. He told us that grapes don't like wet feet but the do wonderfully in Otago provided they are planted in a spot with lots of sun. If you are having problem with fruit drop he said it was usually due to early frost that had weaken the developing fruit in the early stages.

The most important things I pulled from this session was the harder you prune the more you are going to force the plant to create new growth. Also that you should prune to ensure that the plant gets enough light and by pruning to the bases of branches rather than just taking the tops of branches you will get a much healthier and compact tree. Whether or not my apples are a success I don't know but I certainly will be attending more session like this one at Blueskin nursery.

Field of Flowers

If you have a spare paddock or two you could create your very own living Monet!

That is exactly what a couple in Somerset have created. Brian and Denise Herrick have taken 57 different species of annual flowering plants and painted a scene they call a field of dreams.

The seed mixture was designed to produce a sequence of brightly-coloured flowers through July and August (Northern Hemisphere). Among the earliest blooms were daisies, including the white Cape daisy and the delicate clusters of the Swan River daisy. These were followed by the blue-and-white Morning Glory, blue larkspur and poppies, including the California poppy.

Flower Power

In 1922, Canadian scientists isolated insulin for the first time. Since then scientists have genetically engineered several organisms that over produce human insulin. However insulin is still expensive and with the demands of insulin only going up due to the increase in diabetes around the world a cheaper option is long overdue. The answer may have been found in plants.

Scientists at the University of Calgary have genetically engineered the human gene for insulin into the common plant safflower. Once the gene is turned on within the flower, the flower begins producing insulin faster than traditional methods that utilize pigs, cows, yeast, or bacteria.

This is the first instance of a plant producing the insulin, and it does so prolifically, to the tune of roughly 1kg of insulin per acre of flowers. At that rate, 40 square kilometres of safflower could produce enough insulin for the world's entire diabetic population.

Stings, wings and hairy things - Bee by Rose-Lynn Fisher

Do bees really have knees? According to artist Rose-Lynn Fisher's new book BEE, they do. Using a scanning electron microscope, Fisher has taken 60 photographs of bee anatomy – at magnifications of up to 5000 times and I have just received my copy of the book! I have been waiting for 2 months for it to be delivered from the States as a birthday present from my brothers and it was well worth the wait the pictures are glorious. Pictures are below with quotes from the book. 

Sting in the tail 650x 

"The sting is actually a modified version of an ovipositor, the queen bee's organ for laying eggs. A honeybee will sting only in self-defence or in defence of the hive. When a bee stings a person or other mammal, the barbs of the sting become anchored in flesh, and as the bee tries to free herself she dies."  

Drone's wing 10x 

"The drone's sole purpose in life is to mate with the queen. Once he has accomplished this, he dies. Because mating takes place in flight, the drone has evolved powerful wings to pursue the queen. They can even fly backwards. All bees have two pairs of wings, which they beat at up to 230 times a second. The heat generated by the wing beating evaporates water from the nectar in the honeycomb and thickens it into honey. It's also what produces the bees' buzz."  

Elliptical dome of bee eye 190x 

"This is the eye of a honeybee. It's hairy, unlike the eyes of most of the 20,000 species of bee that exist on the planet today. The eye is composed of thousands of hexagonal lenses, which capture light at different angles and detect movement. Each lens is sensitive to ultraviolet light, which can reveal markings on flowers that are invisible to humans but inform the bees where to land in order to find nectar."  

Antenna pollen 1100× 

"A foraging honeybee gets dusted with pollen as she travels from flower to flower. This is a photo of pollen trapped in the hair on the bee's antenna. Bees use their antennae to smell, taste, hear and detect changes in temperature, vibration, wind and humidity. Set into sockets on the head, the antennae pivot freely."